Barbed wire | Fencing, Security, Protection
Barbed wire | Fencing, Security, Protection
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barbed wire, fence wire usually consisting of two longitudinal wires twisted together to form cable and having wire barbs wound around either or both of the cable wires at regular intervals. The varieties of barbed wire are numerous, with cables being single or double, round, half-round, or flat and having a range of gauges. The twisted double cable provides extra strength and permits contraction and expansion without breakage. Barbs are diagonally cut in order to provide sharper points; they may consist of one or two pieces (two or four points) and are generally spaced at intervals of 4 to 5 inches (10 to 13 cm).
The first patents on barbed wire were taken out in the United States in , but it was not until , when Joseph Glidden of De Kalb, Ill., invented a practical machine for its manufacture, that the innovation became widespread. By , fenced pastureland had virtually replaced the open range in the western United States.
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Joseph Glidden's innovative barbed wire was essential to the settlement of the American plains in the late nineteenth century. It proved to be an effective method of securely enclosing one's property, thereby keeping cattle in and trespassers out. Barbed wire has since also proved effective in providing barriers for a variety of places and uses.
Prior to Glidden's wire, there was no practical or effective way to enclose property in the West. Glidden's barbed wire was easy to install and much cheaper to produce than other types of fencing.
The advent of barbed wire, while allowing livestock to be contained, also brought about the end of the great cattle drives. The economic advantages of using barbed wire were apparent in the ability to raise cattle in more controlled conditions.
Glidden made innovations to existing barbed wire designs by creating a double strand of wire that held barbs securely in place. He established the Barb Fence Company to manufacture his wire; it was an immediate success. Glidden eventually sold his interest to the Washburn and Moen Manufacturing Company for $60,000.
Glidden was born in Charlestown, New Hampshire. His wire has outlasted other innovative wires used for enclosure throughout the twentieth century, and it is still used today.
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