Some introduction and the thing you have to know about excavator hydraulic pump

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Yannis

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Apr 22, 2023

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An excavator hydraulic pump is a critical component of an excavator, which is a heavy-duty construction machine used for digging, scooping, and lifting heavy materials such as soil, rocks, and debris. The hydraulic pump is responsible for converting mechanical power into hydraulic power, which is then used to drive various hydraulic systems in the excavator, such as the arm, boom, and bucket, allowing for precise control of the machine’s movements. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of an excavator hydraulic pump, including its functions, types, components, and how it works.

Functions of an Excavator Hydraulic Pump:

The main function of an excavator hydraulic pump is to provide the necessary hydraulic power to drive the hydraulic systems of the machine. Hydraulic power is essential for the operation of an excavator, as it allows for precise control of the machine’s movements, enabling it to perform a wide range of tasks with high efficiency. Some of the key functions of an excavator hydraulic pump include:

Powering the Arm, Boom, and Bucket: The hydraulic pump supplies hydraulic power to the arm, boom, and bucket cylinders of the excavator, allowing them to extend, retract, and rotate, as well as lift and lower, with precision. This enables the excavator to perform digging, scooping, and lifting operations with ease.

Controlling the Swing Motor: The hydraulic pump also powers the swing motor, which is responsible for rotating the excavator’s upper structure (house) relative to its lower structure (undercarriage). This allows the excavator to swing and position itself accurately for digging in different directions.

Operating the Travel Motor: The hydraulic pump provides hydraulic power to the travel motor, which drives the tracks or wheels of the excavator, enabling it to move forward, backward, and turn in different directions. This allows the excavator to navigate around the job site efficiently.

Operating Auxiliary Attachments: Many excavators are equipped with auxiliary hydraulic circuits that allow for the attachment of various tools and accessories, such as hydraulic hammers, grapples, and augers. The hydraulic pump supplies power to these auxiliary circuits, allowing the operator to use these attachments for additional tasks.

Types of Excavator Hydraulic Pumps:

Excavator hydraulic pumps can be broadly categorized into two main types: gear pumps and piston pumps.

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Gear Pumps: Gear pumps are the most common type of hydraulic pump used in excavators. They consist of two meshing gears, usually made of steel or cast iron, that rotate inside a housing. As the gears rotate, they create a suction on one side of the pump, drawing hydraulic fluid into the pump, and then push the fluid out on the other side, generating the required hydraulic power. Gear pumps are simple, compact, and relatively inexpensive, making them widely used in excavators with low to medium hydraulic power requirements.

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Piston Pumps: Piston pumps are another type of hydraulic pump used in excavators, and they are typically used in machines that require higher hydraulic power output. Piston pumps use reciprocating pistons to generate hydraulic power. They can be further categorized into axial piston pumps and radial piston pumps.

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Axial Piston Pumps: Axial piston pumps have pistons that are arranged in a circular pattern around a central shaft, and they operate by reciprocating back and forth along the axis of the shaft. As the pistons move, they draw hydraulic fluid into the pump and then push it out, generating hydraulic power. Axial piston pumps are known for their high efficiency, high power density, and precise control, making them suitable for high-performance excavators.

The Working Principle of Hydraulic Pumps in Excavators

Posted on 08/08/2022

The hydraulic pump in an excavator is a key component of the hydraulic system, which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy for performing various excavation and operation tasks. The following is a detailed introduction to the working principle of hydraulic pumps in excavators:

Energy input:

Hydraulic pumps are usually powered by the main power source of excavators, such as diesel engines. The engine transmits power to the input shaft of the hydraulic pump through a connecting system.

Suction stage: 

The operation of the hydraulic pump begins in the suction stage. When the input shaft of the hydraulic pump rotates, it creates a low-pressure area that draws liquid (usually hydraulic oil) from the oil tank or return line through the suction port. This suction process causes the liquid to be introduced into the hydraulic pump.

Compression stage:

Once the liquid is sucked into the hydraulic pump, the working components of the hydraulic pump begin to compress the liquid. Hydraulic pumps can adopt different designs, including gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps, etc., but their common goal is to compress the liquid into a high-pressure state.

Gear pump: A gear pump uses a pair of gears (drive gear and driven gear) to push the liquid and compress it.

Plunger pump: Plunger pump uses a plunger (piston) to move inside the cylinder and compress the liquid.

Vane pump: Vane pump uses rotating blades to compress liquid.

Liquid discharge:

The compressed liquid is forced out of the hydraulic pump and transmitted through the output pipeline of the hydraulic system. This will create high-pressure liquid in the hydraulic system. High pressure liquid enters the hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, and other hydraulic actuators of the excavator through hydraulic pipelines, used to control various tasks of the excavator, such as lifting the stick, controlling the swing of the stick, and driving the walking device.

Circulation process: 

The hydraulic pump continuously repeats the above suction, compression, and discharge processes to maintain high-pressure liquid in the hydraulic system. The liquid continuously circulates in the system to meet the hydraulic energy requirements of various parts of the excavator.

The working principle of hydraulic pumps is based on the incompressible nature of liquids, which can transmit force and create high pressure in the hydraulic system. Hydraulic pumps play a crucial role in construction machinery such as excavators, providing them with efficient, accurate, and powerful hydraulic energy, enabling them to perform various excavation and operation tasks. Different types of hydraulic pumps adopt different designs and working principles to adapt to different excavator models and working requirements.

Tags: Hydarulic Pump, Pump Working Principle, Piston Pump

Tags: Hydarulic Pump, Pump Working Principle, Piston Pump

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