Advantages and disadvantages of string inverters ...

Advantages and disadvantages of string inverters

Solar inverters have one core function: converting the direct current (DC) generated by the solar panels into alternating current (AC), the type of electricity used in your home.

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Inverter technology has been steadily evolving over the past few decades to better allow homeowners to get the most power out of their PV systems. As a solar homeowner, both string inverters and micro inverters can do the job for you, though the processes are different.

String inverters, also known as central inverters, are self-contained units typically installed near your main service panel and electricity meter. There is usually only one inverter per residential solar installation, or maybe two, depending on the system's size. These inverters operate in a series circuit with 6 to 12 individual solar panels, called a "series string." For instance, SMA is a leading string inverter manufacturer.

What are the advantages of string inverters?

One of the primary advantages of string inverters is their ease of troubleshooting. Since the entire solar array is typically connected to a single inverter, identifying and resolving issues becomes straightforward. Cost-efficiency is another key benefit, as installing a single string inverter is cheaper compared to multiple micro inverters due to fewer components and labor hours required.

Moreover, with fewer connections to manage, the likelihood of wiring faults is reduced. Compared to microinverter systems, string inverters offer a simpler and more reliable setup.

However, there are disadvantages as well. For systems that need to meet fast shutdown requirements, additional labor and wiring are often necessary, adding to the overall installation cost. Partial shading is another concern; if one panel in a series is shaded, the performance of the entire string can be compromised. This is crucial for homeowners with shading issues on their properties.

Another notable disadvantage is the difficulty in expanding the system. String inverters operate optimally near their peak capacity. Therefore, adding more panels in the future may require separate inverters, increasing complexity and cost.

String inverters typically have a shorter lifespan compared to micro inverters. While they are covered for about 8 to 12 years, micro inverters often come with 25-year warranties. Additionally, these inverters do not offer panel-level monitoring, making it challenging to identify specific panel performance issues caused by factors such as cracks or debris.

What are the advantages of microinverters?

Micro inverters perform the same core functions as string inverters but are installed under each solar panel on the roof.

Micro inverters, such as those produced by Enphase, have a distinct advantage in terms of panel-level optimization. This means that each panel operates independently, maximizing power generation even if other panels are shaded or underperforming.

In systems with micro inverters, real-time data on each panel’s performance enables quick identification and resolution of issues, thereby enhancing overall system efficiency. While the initial installation cost is generally higher due to the need for more inverters, the long-term benefits often justify the investment.

The choice between High-performance single phase string inverter and micro inverters should be based on specific needs, shading conditions, budget, and desired monitoring capabilities.

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