Tanning Injections: Risks, Side Effects, and Precautions

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In numerous Western societies, having a tan is often associated with beauty. Over 10 million Americans indulge in indoor tanning techniques, such as tanning beds or lamps, to enhance their complexion. Despite the appealing look of bronzed skin, there are no health advantages associated with tanning.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, whether from the sun or artificial tanning sources, poses a risk of skin damage and elevates the likelihood of skin cancer development.

As stated by the American Academy of Dermatology, a single session in a tanning bed can increase one's risk of melanoma by 20%, basal cell carcinoma by 29%, and squamous cell carcinoma by 67%.

With the growing awareness of tanning's potential hazards, individuals are exploring alternatives like tanning injections. These injections simulate a hormone within the body that promotes the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

However, these injections are illegal to purchase in the United States and are associated with significant side effects.

Continue reading to learn about the operation of tanning injections, and the reasons why you should bypass them for your health's sake.

Understanding How Tanning Injections Function

Tanning injections are available in two versions: melanotan I and melanotan II. Both types work by emulating alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which interacts with melanocortin receptors, thus promoting melanin production in skin cells. The increased melanin levels result in a darker appearance.

Melanotan I remains active in the body longer than melanotan II before it is metabolized. Melanotan I is medically referred to as afamelanotide.

Known as Scenesse when used medicinally, afamelanotide helps shield patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria from phototoxicity. This rare genetic disorder causes intense pain due to sunlight and certain artificial lights.

Conversely, melanotan II interacts with a broader array of receptors and has a shorter duration of action. It can also penetrate the blood-brain barrier, leading to side effects such as decreased appetite, sexual dysfunction, and fatigue. Currently, melanotan II is not approved for any medical therapy.

Both melanotan I and II are unregulated and frequently sold illegally online, heightening the risk of mislabeled products and impurities. A small study has suggested that melanotan II from various sellers contained impurities ranging from 4.1% to 5.9%.

Potential Side Effects Linked to Tanning Injections

A major worry concerning tanning injections lies in their lack of regulation. Without oversight, there's no assurance regarding product labeling accuracy. Moreover, the long-term repercussions of using melanotan I and II are still largely unevaluated.

An observational study involving 21 participants who had utilized or considered tanning injections found the most frequent side effects to include:

• nausea
• flushing
• loss of appetite
• drowsiness

Furthermore, one researcher, who was also involved in melanotan II's development, described himself as a 'human guinea pig' after administering a double dosage, leading to an 8-hour erection, nausea, and vomiting.

Connecting melanotan usage to various medical conditions requires further investigation, but potential links include:

Possible Links to Erectile Dysfunction

In a notable case, a man who self-injected melanotan experienced acute priapism, characterized by a painful prolonged erection due to excessive blood flow. Although he was hospitalized, surgical intervention was unnecessary. However, months later, he still reported losses in erectile function.

Skin Cancer Concerns

Scientific research is ongoing to determine whether melanotan use contributes to skin cancer risk. However, this concern remains paramount in discussions about tanning injections.

A review highlighted at least four documented cases of melanoma associated with moles following melanotan use, alongside evidence of new mole formation related to its administration. One instance described a 20-year-old woman who developed a severe melanoma after participating in a regimen of melanotan II injections for several weeks.

Risks of Kidney Failure

Melanotan II has been connected to renal infarction - a potentially critical condition marked by disrupted blood flow to the kidneys, which has a mortality rate reaching approximately 11.4% within a month after diagnosis, according to a review.

Injection-Related Risks

Administration of tanning injections carries similar dangers as other needle applications, particularly when not properly prepared, such as:

• hepatitis B and C
• HIV/AIDS
• nerve damage
• abscesses
• septicemia (blood infections)

Legal Status of Melanin Injections

Both melanotan I and II are banned for purchase in the United States and the United Kingdom, even though they remain prevalent for sale on the internet or in certain health establishments.

Afamelanotide, however, has gained approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an orphan drug for erythropoietic protoporphyria treatment.

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Are Safe Melanin Injections Available?

All forms of melanin injections present inherent dangers when intended for skin pigmentation alteration. These injections operate outside regulatory frameworks, with the possibility of inducing life-threatening outcomes. Injections bought from unverified online sources may lack proper labeling or carry harmful impurities.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways

In various Western cultures, a tan is often deemed appealing. Yet, many strategies for achieving a tanned appearance raise skin cancer risks while offering no health benefits. Tanning injections augment skin darkness by mimicking a hormone responsible for melanin production. Currently, all tanning injection methods are illegal in the United States, and little research exists regarding their long-term consequences. Preliminary studies indicate a possible correlation between tanning injections and skin cancer risks.

Understanding Melanotan II

Melanotan II: What Is It?

Melanotan II is an unregulated and largely untested version of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, responsible for skin pigmentation (tanning). It is a derivative of melanotan I (afamelanotide), a pharmaceutical used for erythropoietic protoporphyria management.

Currently, melanotan II is not approved for any medical applications and has been reported to pose serious side effects, leading to warnings from the US, UK, and several other nations.

Melanotan II's Mechanism of Action

Melanotan II broadly imitates the effects of melanocortin peptides, which are natural hormones associated with pigmentation, energy regulation, sexual function, immune response, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. Similar to melanotan I, it triggers eumelanin production, promoting skin darkening.

Administered via injection beneath the skin, melanotan II is usually given every other day. Trials indicate observable darkening can begin after five doses.

Adverse Effects of Melanotan II

Initial side effects can include:

• Facial flushing
• Decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting
• In men, spontaneous erections 1-5 hours post-injection (priapism), alongside yawning and stretching

Concerns regarding long-term effects include:

• Melanoma

  - a potentially life-threatening type of skin

  cancer

• Intensification of mole color, formation of new moles, and

  atypical

  melanocytic

  naevi

• Melanonychia

  - darkening of one or several

  nails

• Rhabdomyolysis

  - the hazardous breakdown of muscle tissue

• Encephalopathy

  syndrome

Additionally, contamination risks are inherent if melanotan II is improperly prepared or if needles are shared.

Sexual Dysfunction Connection

During clinical assessments as a tanning agent, melanotan II was effective at enhancing male erections. Following this discovery, a new medication called bremelanotide was developed based on melanotan II, recognized for enhancing male erection durability and rigidity, as well as increasing male sexual desire. Studies also indicate increased female sexual desire for those suffering from arousal disorders.

Drug Interactions with Melanotan II

No specific drug interactions have been documented in connection with melanotan II.

Safety Considerations

As melanotan II remains untested, it’s advised against use due to potential adverse effects.

There is insufficient evidence to support the use of melanotan II during pregnancy or breastfeeding, thus it is advisable to avoid its application.

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